Which endocrine gland regulates many bodily functions such as growth and metabolism?

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system because it plays a critical role in regulating various bodily functions by secreting hormones that influence other glands throughout the body. It is situated at the base of the brain and is responsible for controlling growth through growth hormone, regulating metabolism via thyroid-stimulating hormone, and managing stress through adrenocorticotropic hormone, among other functions.

The other glands listed have more specific roles. For instance, the thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism and energy levels but does not control growth hormones directly—this is primarily managed by the pituitary gland. The pancreas is mainly involved in regulating blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon. The thymus is crucial for immune function, particularly during childhood, but does not have a direct role in growth or metabolism. Therefore, the pituitary gland's comprehensive influence over various hormonal functions solidifies its position as the primary regulator of growth and metabolism.